Humulin M 70/30 is a medication used in the management of diabetes mellitus. It contains two types of insulin: regular insulin and insulin isophane (NPH insulin) in a fixed ratio. Here’s a comprehensive description:

Key Features:

1. Indications: Humulin M 70/30 is primarily used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, particularly for individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who require insulin therapy to control blood sugar levels. It is typically prescribed for individuals who have difficulty managing their blood glucose levels with oral medications alone.
2. Active Substance:
   • Regular Insulin: Regular insulin, also known as short-acting insulin, acts quickly to lower blood sugar levels after meals. It mimics the body’s natural insulin response to food intake.
   • Insulin Isophane (NPH Insulin): Insulin isophane, or NPH insulin, is an intermediate-acting insulin that provides a basal level of insulin throughout the day, helping to control blood sugar levels between meals and overnight.
3. Dosage Form: Humulin M 70/30 is available as an injectable solution in vials or prefilled insulin pens. It contains a fixed ratio of 70% insulin isophane and 30% regular insulin.
4. Dosage and Administration: The dosage of Humulin M 70/30 and the frequency of administration are individualized based on factors such as the patient’s blood glucose levels, meal patterns, activity level, and response to treatment. It is typically administered subcutaneously (under the skin) before meals.
5. Mechanism of Action: Humulin M 70/30 works by replacing or supplementing the body’s natural insulin production. The regular insulin component acts quickly to lower blood sugar levels after meals, while the insulin isophane component provides a baseline level of insulin to control blood sugar levels between meals and overnight.
6. Onset, Peak, and Duration of Action: Humulin M 70/30 has a biphasic action profile:
   • Onset of Action: The regular insulin component typically starts working within 30 minutes after injection, reaching peak activity within 2 to 4 hours.
   • Duration of Action: The regular insulin component lasts for about 5 to 8 hours, while the insulin isophane component provides a longer duration of action, typically lasting up to 24 hours.
7. Monitoring: Patients using Humulin M 70/30 should monitor their blood glucose levels regularly, as directed by their healthcare provider. This helps to assess the effectiveness of treatment, adjust insulin doses as needed, and prevent complications associated with high or low blood sugar levels.
8. Side Effects: Common side effects associated with insulin therapy may include hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), weight gain, injection site reactions (such as redness or swelling), and allergic reactions. Patients should be educated on recognizing and managing hypoglycemia, including the use of glucose tablets or gel to raise blood sugar levels quickly.
9. Contraindications and Precautions: Humulin M 70/30 is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to insulin or any of its components. It should be used with caution in patients with certain medical conditions, such as kidney or liver impairment, and during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
10. Storage: Humulin M 70/30 should be stored according to the manufacturer’s instructions, typically in the refrigerator but not frozen. Once opened, it can be stored at room temperature for a certain period, as specified in the product labeling.

As with any medication, the use of Humulin M 70/30 should be supervised by a healthcare provider experienced in the management of diabetes. Patients should receive education on proper insulin administration, blood glucose monitoring, dietary management, and recognizing and managing hypo- and hyperglycemia. Regular follow-up visits with a healthcare provider are essential to ensure optimal diabetes management and prevent long-term complications.