Overview: Humulin R 100IU Vial is a medication containing the active substance insulin. It is a short-acting insulin analog used in the management of diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. Humulin R is widely prescribed for the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Active Substance:

• Insulin: Humulin R contains insulin, which is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy metabolism. Insulin also plays a key role in the regulation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in the body.

Indications: Humulin R 100IU Vial (Insulin) is primarily indicated for:

1. Diabetes Mellitus: It is used for the management of diabetes mellitus, including both type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes) and type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes), to control blood sugar levels and prevent complications associated with hyperglycemia.

Mechanism of Action: Insulin exerts its therapeutic effects by binding to insulin receptors on target cells, such as muscle, fat, and liver cells. This binding activates cellular signaling pathways that promote the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it is utilized for energy production or stored for future use. Insulin also inhibits the production of glucose by the liver and promotes the storage of excess glucose as glycogen.

Dosage and Administration: The dosage of Humulin R 100IU Vial (Insulin) is determined by the healthcare provider based on individual patient factors, including blood sugar levels, insulin sensitivity, diet, and physical activity. It is typically administered via subcutaneous injection, either using a syringe or an insulin pen device. Dosage regimens may vary depending on the specific needs of the patient and may involve multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous infusion via an insulin pump.

Potential Side Effects: Common side effects associated with insulin therapy may include:

• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which can cause symptoms such as sweating, tremors, dizziness, confusion, and loss of consciousness if untreated.
• Injection site reactions, such as redness, swelling, or irritation at the site of injection.
• Weight gain, particularly with long-term use or high doses of insulin.

Precautions:

• Patients receiving insulin therapy should be educated about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and instructed on proper glucose monitoring and management techniques.
• Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, as well as during periods of illness, stress, or changes in medication regimen.
• Insulin requirements may vary depending on factors such as diet, physical activity, and concurrent medications, and close monitoring of blood sugar levels is essential to optimize therapy.

Legal Status: Humulin R 100IU Vial (Insulin) is available by prescription only and should be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.

In conclusion, Humulin R 100IU Vial contains insulin, a hormone essential for the management of diabetes mellitus. It works by lowering blood sugar levels and regulating carbohydrate metabolism in the body. While generally well-tolerated, insulin therapy requires careful monitoring and adjustment to prevent hypoglycemia and optimize glycemic control.