Overview: Invirase is a medication that contains the active ingredient Saquinavir. It is classified as a protease inhibitor and is primarily used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, specifically in combination with other antiretroviral drugs.

Active Ingredient:

• Saquinavir: Invirase contains Saquinavir, which is a protease inhibitor that works by blocking the activity of the HIV protease enzyme. This inhibition prevents the cleavage of viral polyproteins, thereby inhibiting the maturation of new infectious HIV particles.

Indications: Invirase (Saquinavir) is primarily indicated for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and pediatric patients:

1. HIV Infection: It is used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in treatment-experienced patients.

Mechanism of Action: Saquinavir exerts its therapeutic effects by inhibiting the activity of the HIV protease enzyme. HIV protease is essential for the cleavage of viral polyproteins into functional components required for the assembly and maturation of new infectious virus particles. By blocking protease activity, Saquinavir disrupts the viral replication cycle and reduces the production of new virus particles.

Dosage and Administration: The dosage of Invirase (Saquinavir) is determined by the healthcare provider based on the patient’s specific condition and treatment history. It is typically administered orally in the form of capsules, usually with food to enhance absorption. The dosage regimen and combination with other antiretroviral drugs are tailored to the individual patient’s needs.

Potential Side Effects: Common side effects of Saquinavir may include gastrointestinal disturbances (such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain), headache, fatigue, and changes in lipid levels. Serious side effects such as liver toxicity, pancreatitis, and cardiovascular events may occur but are less common. Patients should report any new or worsening symptoms to their healthcare provider.

Precautions:

• Drug Interactions: Saquinavir may interact with a wide range of medications, and patients should inform their healthcare provider of all drugs being taken, including prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal supplements.
• Hepatic Impairment: Caution is advised when prescribing Saquinavir to patients with pre-existing liver disease, as it can exacerbate liver dysfunction.
• Cardiovascular Risk: Patients with underlying cardiovascular risk factors may be at increased risk of cardiovascular events while taking Saquinavir. Close monitoring of cardiovascular parameters is recommended.

Prescription Requirement: Invirase (Saquinavir) is available only with a prescription and should be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.

In conclusion, Invirase (Saquinavir) is a protease inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infection, particularly in treatment-experienced patients. Its mechanism of action involves blocking the activity of the HIV protease enzyme, thereby inhibiting viral replication. While generally well-tolerated, careful monitoring for potential side effects and interactions is necessary during treatment with Saquinavir.