Isentress is a medication that contains the active ingredient raltegravir. It belongs to a class of drugs known as integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), which are used in the treatment of HIV infection. Here is a detailed description of Isentress (raltegravir) 400 mg tablets:

Active Ingredient:

• Raltegravir: Raltegravir is an antiretroviral medication that inhibits the activity of the integrase enzyme of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Integrases are enzymes that HIV uses to insert its genetic material into the DNA of the host cell. By inhibiting integrase, raltegravir prevents the virus from replicating and spreading in the body.

Indications:

• Isentress is indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 2 kg. It is used in combination with other antiretroviral medications as part of a comprehensive regimen known as antiretroviral therapy (ART) or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Dosage and Administration:

• Isentress is available in the form of tablets, and the standard dosage is typically 400 mg taken orally twice daily. The tablets can be taken with or without food. The dosage and treatment regimen may vary depending on factors such as the patient’s viral load, CD4 cell count, previous treatment history, and the presence of other medical conditions.

Mechanism of Action:

• Raltegravir works by binding to the integrase enzyme of HIV and inhibiting its activity. This prevents the integration of viral DNA into the DNA of the host cell, thereby blocking the replication of the virus and reducing the viral load in the body. By interfering with the viral life cycle, raltegravir helps to control HIV infection and prevent the progression of the disease.

Side Effects:

• Common side effects of Isentress may include headache, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, and insomnia. Some patients may experience more severe side effects, such as allergic reactions, liver toxicity, or changes in kidney function. It is important to report any unusual or persistent side effects to the healthcare provider promptly.

Precautions and Monitoring:

• Patients prescribed Isentress should undergo regular monitoring of HIV viral load, CD4 cell count, and other laboratory parameters to assess treatment response and detect any potential complications. Healthcare providers may also monitor liver and kidney function during treatment.

Contraindications:

• Isentress is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to raltegravir or any of the components in the formulation. It should not be used in patients with severe liver impairment or in combination with certain other medications that may interact with raltegravir.

Interactions:

• Raltegravir may interact with certain medications, including other antiretroviral agents, and drugs that affect the function of liver enzymes. Patients should inform their healthcare providers about all prescription and non-prescription medications they are taking before starting treatment with Isentress.

Patients undergoing treatment for HIV infection with Isentress should follow their healthcare provider’s instructions carefully, attend regular follow-up appointments, and report any side effects or concerns promptly. The information provided here is a general overview, and specific details may vary based on individual cases and healthcare provider recommendations.