Saphnelo, with the active ingredient anifrolumab, is a medication that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in adults. SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues throughout the body, leading to a range of symptoms and complications.

Here’s a description of Saphnelo and its characteristics:

1. Mechanism of Action: Saphnelo is a type I interferon receptor antagonist. It works by inhibiting the activity of type I interferons, which are signaling proteins that play a role in the immune system’s response. In SLE, type I interferons are often overactive, contributing to inflammation and tissue damage. By blocking their effects, Saphnelo aims to reduce the autoimmune response in individuals with SLE.
2. Indications: Saphnelo is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who are receiving standard therapy. It is typically used when the disease is not well-controlled with standard treatments alone.
3. Administration: Saphnelo is administered as an intravenous (IV) infusion by a healthcare professional. The frequency and dosage of infusions may vary depending on the individual patient’s condition and response to treatment.
4. Efficacy: Clinical trials have demonstrated that Saphnelo can reduce disease activity and improve symptoms in some individuals with SLE. It may help to achieve better control of the disease, reduce flares, and potentially decrease the need for high doses of corticosteroids, which can have significant side effects.
5. Safety Profile: Like all medications, Saphnelo can have side effects. Common side effects may include upper respiratory tract infections, herpes zoster (shingles), and an increased risk of serious infections. Patients receiving Saphnelo should be monitored for signs of infection, and precautions may be necessary.
6. Monitoring: Regular monitoring of patients on Saphnelo is essential to assess its effectiveness and monitor for potential side effects or adverse reactions.
7. Patient Selection: The use of Saphnelo is typically reserved for patients with moderate to severe SLE who have not responded well to other treatments or who are experiencing significant disease activity.