Description: Estramustine is a medication that combines an estrogen component (estradiol) with a nitrogen mustard component (nimustine). This combination drug is known as an estrogen-ester (estrogen and nitrogen mustard combination) and is used primarily in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.

Mechanism of Action: The exact mechanism of action of estramustine is not fully understood. However, it is believed to work through multiple pathways. Estradiol, the estrogen component, may inhibit the production of testosterone, a hormone that fuels the growth of prostate cancer cells. Nimustine, the nitrogen mustard component, is an alkylating agent that interferes with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from replicating.

Indications: Estramustine is typically prescribed for the treatment of hormone-resistant prostate cancer that has spread beyond the prostate gland. It may be used alone or in combination with other medications or treatments, such as chemotherapy or hormonal therapy.

Dosage and Administration: The dosage of estramustine can vary depending on factors such as the patient’s weight, overall health, and the specific treatment regimen prescribed by the healthcare provider. It is typically administered orally in the form of capsules. The dosing frequency and duration of treatment will be determined by the treating physician.

Side Effects: Common side effects of estramustine may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fluid retention, breast tenderness or enlargement, and hot flashes. More severe side effects such as blood clots and allergic reactions are possible but less common.

Precautions: Patients receiving estramustine should be closely monitored for any signs of adverse effects, particularly blood clots, given the increased risk associated with estrogen therapy. It is essential to inform the healthcare provider about any pre-existing medical conditions or medications being taken, as they may interact with estramustine.

Conclusion: Estramustine, possibly marketed under the brand name X-Trant, is a combination medication used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Specific details regarding dosage, administration, and potential side effects should be discussed with a healthcare professional to ensure safe and effective treatment.